Forgiving and Giving

 The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today challenge us to put our faith into action so that our anointing as people of grace, forgiveness, and love is visible to our community.

Assess Our Need for Forgiveness

The Reading from the Book of Ezekiel presents Acts of the Prophet, Symbolic of the Exile.

* [12:3–10] An exile’s bag contains bare necessities, probably no more than a bowl, a mat, and a waterskin. The prophet’s action foreshadows the fate of ruler and people (vv. 11–14).

* [12:5] Through the wall: mud-brick outer wall of a private home. In this symbolic action, Ezekiel represents the enemy forces, and the house wall, the city wall of Jerusalem breached by the Babylonian army.

* [12:13] Though he shall not see it: according to a Targum, an allusion to Nebuchadnezzar having Zedekiah blinded before deporting him to Babylonia (cf. 2 Kgs 25:7); according to the Septuagint, the king is ashamed of his flight from the city and disguises himself so others will not recognize him.

* [12:16] Both exiles and nations shall know that the exile is divine punishment for Israel’s betrayal of the Lord and the covenant, not evidence that the Lord is too weak to fight off the Babylonian deity. (Ezekiel, CHAPTER 12 | USCCB, n.d.)

Psalm 78 presents a recital of history to show that past generations did not respond to God’s gracious deeds and were punished by God making the gift into a punishment.

* [78:58] Provoked him: lit., “made him jealous.”

* [78:60] Shiloh: an important shrine in the north prior to Jerusalem. Despite its holy status, it was destroyed (Ps 78:60–64; cf. Jer 7:12, 14). (Psalm 78, PSALMS | USCCB, n.d.)

The Gospel of Matthew proclaims the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant.

* [18:21–35] The final section of the discourse deals with the forgiveness that the disciples are to give to their fellow disciples who sin against them. To the question of Peter how often forgiveness is to be granted (Mt 18:21), Jesus answers that it is to be given without limit (Mt 18:22) and illustrates this with the parable of the unmerciful servant (Mt 18:23–34), warning that his heavenly Father will give those who do not forgive the same treatment as that given to the unmerciful servant (Mt 18:35). Mt 18:21–22 correspond to Lk 17:4; the parable and the final warning are peculiar to Matthew. That the parable did not originally belong to this context is suggested by the fact that it really does not deal with repeated forgiveness, which is the point of Peter’s question and Jesus’ reply.

* [18:22] Seventy-seven times: the Greek corresponds exactly to the LXX of Gn 4:24. There is probably an allusion, by contrast, to the limitless vengeance of Lamech in the Genesis text. In any case, what is demanded of the disciples is limitless forgiveness.

* [18:24] A huge amount: literally, “ten thousand talents.” The talent was a unit of coinage of high but varying value depending on its metal (gold, silver, copper) and its place of origin. It is mentioned in the New Testament only here and in Mt 25:14–30.

* [18:26] Pay you back in full: an empty promise, given the size of the debt.

* [18:28] A much smaller amount: literally, “a hundred denarii.” A denarius was the normal daily wage of a laborer. The difference between the two debts is enormous and brings out the absurdity of the conduct of the Christian who has received the great forgiveness of God and yet refuses to forgive the relatively minor offenses done to him.

* [18:34] Since the debt is so great as to be unpayable, the punishment will be endless.

* [18:35] The Father’s forgiveness, already given, will be withdrawn at the final judgment for those who have not imitated his forgiveness by their own. (Matthew, CHAPTER 18 | USCCB, n.d.)

* [19:1] When Jesus finished these words: see note on Mt 7:28–29. The district of Judea across the Jordan: an inexact designation of the territory. Judea did not extend across the Jordan; the territory east of the river was Perea. The route to Jerusalem by way of Perea avoided passage through Samaria. (Matthew, CHAPTER 19 | USCCB, n.d.)

David Crawford comments that our perception may cause us to think we are in the right, allowing us to justify our words and actions; and then, failing to consider their side, we get angrier because they won’t apologize or show remorse. (I am reminded that no one is a villain in their own story.) If we are not careful, bitterness and resentment build. The thought of forgiveness may not even occur to us even as our relationships are damaged.

So when Peter asked his question, Jesus understood how much had built up over the years. He understood how keeping a list of grievances makes the list keeper miserable and promotes disharmony and division. How many times? Jesus told him (and us): Stop keeping track and just forgive. Jesus, through parable, reminded Peter (and us) that God has forgiven us more times than we can count, certainly more than we deserve. God loves us in spite of our shortcomings. Extend that same grace, mercy and love to those close to you. (Crawford, n.d.)

Don Schwager quotes “How often shall I forgive?” by Hilary of Poitiers (315-367 AD).

"When Peter asked him whether he should forgive his brother sinning against him up to seven times, the Lord replied, 'Not up to seven times but up to seventy times seven times'" In every way he teaches us to be like him in humility and goodness. In weakening and breaking the impulses of our rampant passions he strengthens us by the example of his leniency, by granting us in faith pardon of all our sins. For the vices of our nature did not merit pardon. Therefore all pardon comes from him. In fact, he pardons even those sins that remain in one after confession. The penalty to be paid through Cain was established at sevenfold, but that sin was against a man, against his brother Abel, to the point of murder (Genesis 4:8). But in Lamech the penalty was established at seventy times seven times (Genesis 4:24), and, as we believe, the penalty was established on those responsible for the Lord's Passion. But the Lord through the confession of believers grants pardon for this crime. By the gift of baptism he grants the grace of salvation to his revilers and persecutors. How much more is it necessary, he shows, that pardon be returned by us without measure or number. And we should not think how many times we forgive, but we should cease to be angry with those who sin against us, as often as the occasion for anger exists. Pardon's frequency shows us that in our case there is never a time for anger, since God pardons us for all sins in their entirety by his gift rather than by our merit. Nor should we be excused from the requirement of giving pardon that number of times [i.e., seventy times seven], since through the grace of the gospel God has granted us pardon without measure." (excerpt from ON MATTHEW 18.10) (Schwager, n.d.)

Friar Jude Winkler comments that the Prophet Ezekiel makes a symbolic gesture and about being taken into exile in the time between his exile and when the Temple is destroyed in the later exile of his people. Ezekiel makes his point as he pretends to be fleeing from an enemy. In the Gospel the disciples ask how many times they must forgive? They suggest 7 times 7, an extension of the perfect number. but Jesus' number is infinity. The parable of the unforgiving servant means that God has forgiven us many things. We may reply “I am not as bad as some”. We don't know the extent of grace given to all. The person who is less forgiving may be missed, if my heart is already closed. Friar Jude comments that it is not that God won’t forgive me, but we need to consider my willingness to accept forgiveness.

The Word Among Us Meditation on Matthew 18:21–19:1 comments that the character in the parable who answers Peter’s question is the master. He forgives his servant “a huge amount” (Matthew 18:24) and expects that servant to be just as forgiving toward a fellow servant who owes him a much smaller amount.

Jesus is telling Peter, and telling each of us, You have already been forgiven a huge debt; you cannot put a limit on how much you are willing to forgive. You need to be as forgiving toward one another as I have been toward you.

Jesus looks on you with so much mercy that he has forgiven all your sins. He wants you to live in joy and freedom—and to joyfully and freely extend that forgiveness to everyone around you.

“Lord, help me to grasp the depth of your mercy and to be just as merciful toward those who sin against me!” (Meditation on Matthew 18:21–19:1, n.d.)

Father Richard Rohr, OFM, comments Franciscan mysticism is at heart incarnational mysticism. Theologian Ilia Delio highlights how Francis of Assisi was transformed by the radical implications of the Incarnation, including his powerful experience meeting a leper.

The leper experience was a turning point in Francis’ life. As his life deepened in God, he made a constant effort to spend himself in love by giving himself to the other…. Following the footprints of Jesus, Francis found the God of humble love not among the popular and the proud, the arrogant and the rich or those who “stand out” in society, but among the ordinary, the forgotten, the poor and sick and marginalized….

 

The simplest way to describe God’s poverty and humility is in terms of love. Love gives itself away—this is God’s poverty. Love turns toward the other so it can give itself to the other—this is God’s humility. In the Incarnation, God turns toward us through the Son/Word and gives [God’s] self to us as love. We call this gift of God’s love to us, this gift of total self-emptying love, “kenosis.” The poverty of God is the kenosis or self-emptying of the Word, the descent of the Word, from the riches of divine glory into our fragile human nature. [1] (Rohr, n.d.)

The Spirit reveals the extent of the “self emptying” love that we have experienced and nudges us to be agents of forgiveness and love to the people we have been given to develop our unconditional love.

References

Crawford, D. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Creighton Online Ministries: Home. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/daily-reflections/daily-reflection-august-13-2026 

Ezekiel, CHAPTER 12 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/ezekiel/12? 

Matthew, CHAPTER 18 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/18?21 

Matthew, CHAPTER 19 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Bible Readings, Audio and Video Every Morning | USCCB. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/19 

Meditation on Matthew 18:21–19:1. (n.d.). Word Among Us. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://wau.org/meditations/2026/08/13/1644835/ 

Psalm 78, PSALMS | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Bible Readings, Audio and Video Every Morning | USCCB. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/78?56 

Rohr, R. (n.d.). Incarnation: The Humility of God. Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/incarnation-the-humility-of-god/ 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). Lord, How Often Shall I Forgive My Brother? Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations – Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved August 13, 2026, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/ 

Love and Life

The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today challenge us to seek fullness of life through our readiness to forgive and renew our relationships in love rooted in humility and a self emptying “kenosis” as modelled by Christ.

Support for Full Life

The Reading from the Book of Numbers describes The Bronze Serpent.

* [21:5] This wretched food: apparently the manna is meant.

* [21:6] Seraph: the Hebrew name for a certain species of venomous snake; etymologically the word might signify “the fiery one.” Compare the winged throne guardians in Is 6:2, 6; see also Is 14:29; 30:6.

* [21:8] Everyone who has been bitten will look at it and recover: in the Gospel of John this scene is regarded as a type for the crucifixion of Jesus (Jn 3:14–15).

* [21:9] King Hezekiah, in his efforts to reform Israelite worship, “smashed the bronze serpent Moses had made” (2 Kgs 18:4). (Numbers, CHAPTER 21, n.d.)

Psalm 78 praises God’s readiness to forgive and begin anew.

* [Psalm 78] A recital of history to show that past generations did not respond to God’s gracious deeds and were punished by God making the gift into a punishment. Will Israel fail to appreciate God’s act—the choosing of Zion and of David? The tripartite introduction invites Israel to learn the lessons hidden in its traditions (Ps 78:1–4, 5–7, 8–11); each section ends with the mention of God’s acts. There are two distinct narratives of approximately equal length: the wilderness events (Ps 78:12–39) and the movement from Egypt to Canaan (Ps 78:40–72). The structure of both is parallel: gracious act (Ps 78:12–16, 40–55), rebellion (Ps 78:17–20, 56–58), divine punishment (Ps 78:21–31, 59–64), God’s readiness to forgive and begin anew (Ps 78:32–39, 65–72). While the Psalm has been thought to reflect the reunification program of either King Hezekiah (late eighth century) or King Josiah (late seventh century) in that the Northern Kingdom (Ephraim, Joseph) is especially invited to accept Zion and the Davidic king, a postexilic setting is also possible. Notable is the inclusion of the David-Zion tradition into the history of Israel recounted in the sources of the Pentateuch. (Psalms, PSALM 78 | USCCB, n.d.)

The Reading from the Letter of Paul to the Philippians is a Plea for Unity and Humility.

* [2:6–11] Perhaps an early Christian hymn quoted here by Paul. The short rhythmic lines fall into two parts, Phil 2:6–8 where the subject of every verb is Christ, and Phil 2:9–11 where the subject is God. The general pattern is thus of Christ’s humiliation and then exaltation. More precise analyses propose a division into six three-line stanzas (Phil 2:6; 7abc, 7d–8, 9, 10, 11) or into three stanzas (Phil 2:6–7ab, 7cd–8, 9–11). Phrases such as even death on a cross (Phil 2:8c) are considered by some to be additions (by Paul) to the hymn, as are Phil 2:10c, 11c.

* [2:6] Either a reference to Christ’s preexistence and those aspects of divinity that he was willing to give up in order to serve in human form, or to what the man Jesus refused to grasp at to attain divinity. Many see an allusion to the Genesis story: unlike Adam, Jesus, though…in the form of God (Gn 1:26–27), did not reach out for equality with God, in contrast with the first Adam in Gn 3:5–6.

* [2:7] Taking the form of a slave, coming in human likeness: or “…taking the form of a slave. Coming in human likeness, and found human in appearance.” While it is common to take Phil 2:6, 7 as dealing with Christ’s preexistence and Phil 2:8 with his incarnate life, so that lines Phil 2:7b, 7c are parallel, it is also possible to interpret so as to exclude any reference to preexistence (see note on Phil 2:6) and to take Phil 2:6–8 as presenting two parallel stanzas about Jesus’ human state (Phil 2:6–7b; 7cd–8); in the latter alternative, coming in human likeness begins the second stanza and parallels 6a to some extent.

* [2:8] There may be reflected here language about the servant of the Lord, Is 52:13–53:12 especially Is 53:12.

* [2:9] The name: “Lord” (Phil 2:11), revealing the true nature of the one who is named.

* [2:10–11] Every knee should bend…every tongue confess: into this language of Is 45:23 there has been inserted a reference to the three levels in the universe, according to ancient thought, heaven, earth, under the earth.

* [2:11] Jesus Christ is Lord: a common early Christian acclamation; cf. 1 Cor 12:3; Rom 10:9. But doxology to God the Father is not overlooked here (Phil 2:11c) in the final version of the hymn. (Philippians, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB, n.d.)

In the Gospel of John, Jesus speaks with Nicodemus.

* [3:14] Lifted up: in Nm 21:9 Moses simply “mounted” a serpent upon a pole. John here substitutes a verb implying glorification. Jesus, exalted to glory at his cross and resurrection, represents healing for all.

* [3:15] Eternal life: used here for the first time in John, this term stresses quality of life rather than duration.

* [3:16] Gave: as a gift in the incarnation, and also “over to death” in the crucifixion; cf. Rom 8:32. (John, CHAPTER 3, n.d.)

Rev. Larry Gillick, SJ, comments that, in all of John’s Gospel, seeing, looking is the invitation to go beyond, go into and receive what’s being revealed. The Exaltation is the raising of the cross with the body of Jesus upon it and even more, the whole human race and history are raised from trying to save itself, fill itself. What we all have hunger for is to be loved so that we might be saved from not loving ourselves. 

As we will always want more of whatever is good so by that getting more we will be more and so be loved. The Exaltation of the Cross is the most more God reveals to us, shares with us, not in “condemnation” but embraced and saved, not in a judicial, but loved more than we can humanly see, but believe. The Cross was inserted into the earth as an Exalted permanent sacrament which saves us from hungering for what God gives without our complaining. (Gillick, 2025)

Don Schwager quotes “Story of Moses and the bronze serpent,” by Cyril of Alexandria (376-444 AD).

"This story is a type of the whole mystery of the incarnation. For the serpent signifies bitter and deadly sin, which was devouring the whole race on the earth... biting the Soul of man and infusing it with the venom of wickedness. And there is no way that we could have escaped being conquered by it, except by the relief that comes only from heaven. The Word of God then was made in the likeness of sinful flesh, 'that he might condemn sin in the flesh' (Romans 8:3), as it is written. In this way, he becomes the Giver of unending salvation to those who comprehend the divine doctrines and gaze on him with steadfast faith. But the serpent, being fixed upon a lofty base, signifies that Christ was clearly manifested by his passion on the cross, so that none could fail to see him." (excerpt from COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 2.1) (Schwager, n.d.)

The Word Among Us Meditation on John 3:13-17 notes that God so loved the world that he gave his only Son, so that everyone who believes in him . . . might have eternal life. (John 3:16) may be the most famous passage in the whole Bible. It’s especially appropriate on this feast of the Exaltation of the Cross because it’s a concise summary of why the cross of Christ is central to our faith.

Love and life: this is the message of the cross. Today at Mass, gaze at the cross, and thank God for all that he has done for you in Christ Jesus, your Lord!

“Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, may the cross always remind me of your overflowing love for me.” (Meditation on John 3:13-17, n.d.)

Friar Jude Winkler comments the reading form Numbers tells of the punishment of Israel for their ingratitude in a plague of seraph serpents. In Hebrew Times, a totem object was an offering of a symbol, or wax figures, or a bronze serpent as a sign of being saved from the serpent. Later when people confused the bronze serpent as an image of God it was destroyed by Hezekiah. Paul borrowed this hymn proclaiming Jesus emptied himself as a kenosis. The term is used today for our surrender. We can read that Jesus was exalted after the Cross or in the Cross as presented in the Gospel of John as the sign of the great love of God.  A monologue evolves in Jesus' discussion with Nicodemeus and The “Son of Man” will be “lifted up, with the double meaning of exalted and up on the Cross to invite us to salvation. Friar Jude reminds us that if we refuse to accept the life offered, we have chosen to reject Him.

Brian McLaren describes some of the lenses that keep us from seeing the world clearly. mention three lenses that make our seeing worse. One is the lens of authoritarianism. Through the lens of authoritarianism, we look at every person and judge them based on whether they share our allegiance against that common enemy, and allegiance to a dictator or a strongman. Authoritarianism always reduces our sight. Another lens is the lens of scapegoating, where we feel better about ourselves by uniting ourselves and projecting our aggression and shame on some other group of people, making them into an enemy. Scapegoating reduces the clarity of our vision, and so does supremacy, whether it’s based on race, religion, party, ideology, or nation. People spend billions of dollars to change the way we see each other through advertising, politics, propaganda, and the algorithms on social media. We all face the constant struggle of having our vision reduced by authoritarianism, scapegoating, supremacy, and no doubt, other bad lenses as well.

Brian McLaren introduces Quaker songwriter Carrie Newcomer who shares her practice of seeing with the eyes of love.

My life as a songwriter and a poet has asked me to consider how I look at the world on a daily, moment-to-moment kind of way…. Our first job is to pay attention and then to take in what we see with a certain kind of spirit and for me, a certain kind of love. I think it’s a practice and the more you practice it, the more you see; the more you see, the more you see with love…. 

The big things I love: I love my husband. I love my daughter. I love justice. I love mercy…. I love so many big things, but my life is also filled every day with all these glorious little loves…. There can be great meaning and great love in small things. I love blueberries and I love the smell of lilacs and I love how little kids hold each other’s hands when they go across the street….  

In looking at the small moment and the small thing through love, it’s not always completely joyous…. You take it all. When you decide I’m going to be here, I’m going to be present, and I’m going to be present with love, you take it all. [2] (McLaren, n.d.)

We ponder the expression of Love that God presents through the Cross and seek the guidance of the Spirit to express the love we celebrate in our lives freely and openly, seeing all people as blessed children of God.

References

Gillick, L. (2025, September 13). Daily Reflection September 14, 2025 | Creighton Online Ministries. Creighton Online Ministries. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/daily-reflections/daily-reflection-september-14-2025 

John, CHAPTER 3. (n.d.). USCCB. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/3?13 

McLaren, B. (n.d.). What Is Our Lens? Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/what-is-our-lens/ 

Meditation on John 3:13-17. (n.d.). Word Among Us Homepage. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://wau.org/meditations/2025/09/14/1382451/ 

Numbers, CHAPTER 21. (n.d.). USCCB. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/numbers/21?4 

Philippians, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/philippians/2?6 

Psalms, PSALM 78 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/78?1 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). So Must the Son of Man Be Lifted Up. Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations – Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved September 14, 2025, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/?ds_year=2025&date=sep14a