Tenants of Live and Love

 The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary, today, exhort us to develop the virtues that will assist in the growth of communities in which we are tenants of the Lord.

The Vineyard of the Lord

The Reading from the Second Letter of Peter is an Exhortation to Christian Virtue and proclamation of The Power of God’s Promise.*

* [1:1] Symeon Peter: on the authorship of 2 Peter, see Introduction; on the spelling here of the Hebrew name Šim‘ôn, cf. Acts 15:14. The greeting is especially similar to those in 1 Peter and Jude. The words translated our God and savior Jesus Christ could also be rendered “our God and the savior Jesus Christ”; cf. 2 Pt 1:11; 2:20; 3:2, 18.

* [1:2] Knowledge: a key term in the letter (2 Pt 1:3, 8; 2:20; 3:18), perhaps used as a Christian emphasis against gnostic claims.

* [1:3–4] Christian life in its fullness is a gift of divine power effecting a knowledge of Christ and the bestowal of divine promises (2 Pt 3:4, 9). To share in the divine nature, escaping from a corrupt world, is a thought found elsewhere in the Bible but expressed only here in such Hellenistic terms, since it is said to be accomplished through knowledge (2 Pt 1:3); cf. 2 Pt 1:2; 2:20; but see also Jn 15:4; 17:22–23; Rom 8:14–17; Heb 3:14; 1 Jn 1:3; 3:2.

* [1:3] By his own glory and power: the most ancient papyrus and the best codex read “through glory and power.”

* [1:5–9] Note the climactic gradation of qualities (2 Pt 1:5–7), beginning with faith and leading to the fullness of Christian life, which is love; cf. Rom 5:3–4; Gal 5:6, 22 for a similar series of “virtues,” though the program and sense here are different than in Paul. The fruit of these is knowledge of Christ (2 Pt 1:8) referred to in 2 Pt 1:3; their absence is spiritual blindness (2 Pt 1:9).

* [1:10–11] Perseverance in the Christian vocation is the best preventative against losing it and the safest provision for attaining its goal, the kingdom. Kingdom of…Christ, instead of “God,” is unusual; cf. Col 1:13 and Mt 13:41, as well as the righteousness of…Christ (2 Pt 1:1). (2 Peter, CHAPTER 1 | USCCB, n.d.)

Psalm 91 is confident that God’s presence will protect the people in every dangerous situation.

* [Psalm 91] A prayer of someone who has taken refuge in the Lord, possibly within the Temple (Ps 91:1–2). The psalmist is confident that God’s presence will protect the people in every dangerous situation (Ps 91:3–13). The final verses are an oracle of salvation promising salvation to those who trust in God (Ps 91:14–16). (Psalms, PSALM 91 | USCCB, n.d.)

The Gospel of Mark presents the Parable of the Tenants.

* [12:1–12] The vineyard denotes Israel (Is 5:1–7). The tenant farmers are the religious leaders of Israel. God is the owner of the vineyard. His servants are his messengers, the prophets. The beloved son is Jesus (Mk 1:11; 9:7; Mt 3:17; 17:5; Lk 3:22; 9:35). The punishment of the tenants refers to the religious leaders, and the transfer of the vineyard to others refers to the people of the new Israel. (Mark, CHAPTER 12 | USCCB, n.d.)

Creighton Online Ministries was on “hold” at publication time.

Don Schwager quotes “Christ's wounds bring healing and life,” by Ambrose of Milan, 339-397 A.D.

"The vineyard prefigures us, because the people of God, founded on the root of the eternal Vine, appear above the earth, bordering the lowly ground. They now grow ripe with budding flowers. They now are clothed with dense greenery and take on a gentle yoke [see Matthew 11:30] when they worship with mature branches as if with the twigs of the vine. The Father Almighty truly is the Vinedresser, and Christ is the Vine. We, not vine sprouts, are pruned by the sickle of the eternal cultivator if we do not bear fruit in Christ. [see John 15:1-2] The people of Christ then is correctly named a vineyard, either because the sign of the cross is woven on its forehead [see Ezekiel 9:4,6] or its fruit is gathered in the last season of the year. It may also be called a vineyard because there is equal measurement in the church of God for rich and poor, humble and powerful, servants and masters. There is no difference in the church, as in all the rows of the vineyard.[see Colossians 3:25] As the vine clings to trees, so the body is joined to the soul and the soul to the body. When the vine clings, it is raised up. When it is pruned, it is not diminished, but it increases. The people of God is stripped when it is bound, uplifted when it is humbled, crowned when it is cut back. The tender shoot cut from an old tree is grafted onto the progeny of another root. When the scars of the old shoot are cut away, the people of God likewise grow into the wood of the cross. It is as if they are cherished in the arms of a pious parent. The Holy Spirit comes as if cast down into the deep ditches of the earth and poured into this prison of the body. With the flow of saving water, the Holy Spirit washes away whatever is filthy and raises the posture of our members to heavenly discipline. (excerpt from EXPOSITION OF THE GOSPEL OF LUKE 9.30.21) (Schwager, n.d.)

The Word Among Us Meditation on 2 Peter 1:2-7 comments that St. Peter seems to be saying two different things in our first reading. He begins by reassuring us that God’s “divine power has bestowed on us everything” we need to become holy (2 Peter 1:3). But then he exhorts us, “Make every effort to supplement your faith” with virtue, knowledge, and the fruit of the Spirit (1:5). So do we just have to rely on God’s “divine power,” or do we have to work at it by “supplementing” our faith?

Or perhaps you are trying so hard on your own that you forget that it’s God’s “divine power” that you need each day (2 Peter 1:3). If so, try to remember to ask for his help when you face a temptation or trial.

God is so good! He is eager to give us everything we need to live a holy life. But he doesn’t want us to be passive and miss out on all he has for us. It’s the start of a new month—let’s choose to cooperate with the grace and power that God so willingly pours out on us!

“Lord, your grace is always sufficient. Help me to do my part!” (Meditation on 2 Peter 1:2-7, n.d.)

Friar Jude Winkler comments on the authorship debates concerning 1 Peter and 2 Peter. The secretary of Peter is a likely author of 1 Peter. 2 Peter is a letter likely written in the name of Peter at a later time. It proclaims Divine power to live a life of virtue beginning with endurance and progressing to love. Seven virtues are named indicating a path of perfect fulfillment in virtue. In Mark, the parable of the tenants of the vineyard, they finally kill the son thinking, falsely, to inherit the property. They kill inside the vineyard and throw the body outside. The leaders of the Jews realize the rejection of Jesus is about them, the tenants that have not responded. The fact that Jesus actually died outside the city walls is a mistake corrected in the accounts in Matthew and Luke. In Mark, the son is killed inside the walls and thrown out  indicating the parable dates to before the event of Jesus' death and proves Jesus knows He is going to die and accepts the mission from the Father.

The Parable of the Tenants is a parable told by Jesus. In Matthew 21:33-46, “And they took him and cast him out of the vineyard, and killed him”.In Mark 12:1-12, “So they seized him and killed him, and threw him out of the vineyard.”and in Luke 20:9-19. “So they threw him out of the vineyard and killed him.”

Father Richard Rohr, OFM, affirms God’s desire for us to know and welcome all of ourselves and others. Religious people who use the scriptures to condemn or exclude others seem to have different goals and objectives from those of God or Jesus. Their arguments generally have to do with very secular concerns: power and control, fear of the other and the unknown, and idealization of a family unit that Jesus himself neither lived nor idealized. Author Jen Austin considers how God invites us to move beyond neat categories:

It is part of the human tendency to put everything into a neat little category…. However, categories also allow us to include and exclude people based on characteristics that are unfamiliar to us or that we don’t understand. Black or white, gay or straight, we spend a lot of time and waste a lot of energy creating and adhering to labels in our culture, quite often at the expense of basic human dignity and common sense…. God is bigger than all our little boxes. God’s love transcends the lines we draw on earth. [2] (Rohr, n.d.)

We are empowered by the Spirit to oppose the greed and violence of our time that is continuing to reject the message of love and growth for the Vineyard of the Lord.

References

Mark, CHAPTER 12 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/mark/12? 

Meditation on 2 Peter 1:2-7. (n.d.). Word Among Us. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://wau.org/meditations/2026/06/01/1583509/ 

Psalms, PSALM 91 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/91? 

Rohr, R. (n.d.). Loving Beyond the Boxes. Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/loving-beyond-the-boxes/ 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). They Will Respect My Beloved Son. Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations – Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/ 

2 Peter, CHAPTER 1 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved June 1, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/2peter/1? 

Become like children

The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today invite us to consider the blessing of sharing our daily lives with children who remind us of sincerity, humility, kindness, and care.

Become Like Children

The Reading from the Book of Exodus proclaims the Reward of Fidelity.

* [23:21] My authority is within him: lit., “My name is within him.” (Exodus, CHAPTER 23, n.d.)

Psalm 91 praises The shelter of the Most High.

* [Psalm 91] A prayer of someone who has taken refuge in the Lord, possibly within the Temple (Ps 91:1–2). The psalmist is confident that God’s presence will protect the people in every dangerous situation (Ps 91:3–13). The final verses are an oracle of salvation promising salvation to those who trust in God (Ps 91:14–16).

* [91:1] The shelter of the Most High: basically “hiding place” but in the Psalms a designation for the protected Temple precincts, cf. Ps 27:5; 31:21; 61:5. The shade of the Almighty: lit., “the shadow of the wings of the Almighty,” cf. Ps 17:8; 36:8; 57:2; 63:8. Ps 91:4 makes clear that the shadow is an image of the safety afforded by the outstretched wings of the cherubim in the holy of holies. (Psalms, PSALM 91 | USCCB, n.d.)

In the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus identifies the Greatest in the Kingdom.

* [18:3] Become like children: the child is held up as a model for the disciples not because of any supposed innocence of children but because of their complete dependence on, and trust in, their parents. So must the disciples be, in respect to God.

* [18:10] Their angels in heaven…my heavenly Father: for the Jewish belief in angels as guardians of nations and individuals, see Dn 10:13, 20–21; Tb 5:4–7; 1QH 5:20–22; as intercessors who present the prayers of human beings to God, see Tb 13, 12:15, . The high worth of the little ones is indicated by their being represented before God by these heavenly beings. (Matthew, CHAPTER 18, n.d.)

Nancy Shirley comments that the Guardian Angel prayer is also a staple in her family.

 

When we fly, we always hold hands at take-off and landing and say the prayer. Even my 10-year-old granddaughter never misses saying it when she travels. A couple of summers ago when she was going to fly alone with her dad, she asked my daughter to go over the prayer with her so she could be sure to say it herself. 

Angel of God, my guardian dear,

to whom God’s love entrusts me here,

ever this day be at my side to light and guard, 

to rule and guide. Amen”

How can I doubt or be fearful? This song says it best! Whom Shall I Fear [God of Angel Armies] by Chris Tomlin. (Shirley, n.d.)

Don Schwager quotes “Their angels behold the face of my Father in heaven,” by Chromatius (died 406 AD).

"It is not right to despise anyone who believes in Christ. A believer is called not only a servant of God but also a son through the grace of adoption, to whom the kingdom of heaven and the company of the angels is promised. And rightly the Lord adds, 'For I tell you that in heaven their angels always behold the face of my Father who is in heaven.' How much grace the Lord has toward each one believing in him he himself declares when he shows their angels always beholding the face of the Father who is in heaven. Great is the grace of the angels toward all who believe in Christ. Finally, the angels carry their prayers to heaven. Hence the word of Raphael to Tobias: 'When you prayed along with your daughter-in-law Sara, I offered the memory of your prayer in the sight of God (Deutero-canonical book of Tobit 12:12). Around them there is also the strong guard of the angels; they help each of us to be free from the traps of the enemy. For a human in his weakness could not be safe amid so many forceful attacks of that enemy if he were not strengthened by the help of the angels." (excerpt from TRACTATE ON MATTHEW 57.1) [Note: Chromatius was an early Christian scholar and bishop of Aquileia, Italy. He was a close friend of John Chrysostom and Jerome. He died in 406 AD. Jerome described him as a "most learned and most holy man."] (Schwager, n.d.)

The Word Among Us Meditation on Matthew 18:1-5, 10 comments that Jesus telling the disciples they had to “turn and become like children” in order to even enter his kingdom must have puzzled them (Matthew 18:3). How could choosing to be unimportant make you important? It seemed backwards!

On today’s feast of the Guardian Angels, we encounter something else that seems backwards: that each of us has our own personal angel to help us! Angels are immortal beings who “always look upon the face of [our] heavenly Father” (Matthew 18:10). Why would they even bother with us?

So let the guardian angels be an example for you today about the greatness that comes from humility. Let them show you how love leads to joyful service. Ask your guardian angel to pray for you, that you could embrace that same attitude and make serving the Lord your top priority. And as you do, ask him to help you discern how you can best put your skills and talents to work for the sake of God’s kingdom.

“Lord, thank you for giving me a guardian angel to look out for me. Help me imitate the humility and servant’s heart of all the angels!” (Meditation on Matthew 18:1-5, 10, n.d.)

Friar Jude Winkler recalls the rebuilding of Jerusalem by Nehemiah. Ezra encourages them to learn the Law that opens up possibilities like when we are convicted by a homily and God has given us an opportunity to grow. In Matthew, Jesus says in the Kingdom of Heaven we have to become like little children. Jesus speaks of a special angel that watches over us, a marvelous concept but Friar Jude suggests that some are too involved with connection to a guardian angel.  Friar Jude notes that we need to view our guardian angel as a spiritual aid rather than a border collie that leads us along the road.

Fr. Mike Schmitz continues reading from the book of Nehemiah as we read of the many attempts to prevent Nehemiah from doing the great work of God. We also see the events that lead to Esther being chosen as queen and the goodness she will bring even in the midst of a broken system. Today’s readings are Nehemiah 6-7, Esther 1-2, and Proverbs 21:1-4.

Fr. Richard Rohr, OFM, introduces Michele Dunne, who is the Executive Director of the Franciscan Action Network, an organization that seeks to embody Franciscan values in their work for justice for the earth and the poor. [1] In a recent issue of CAC’s the Mendicant donor newsletter, Dunne describes her deepening understanding of Franciscan witness.

For example, while I had always understood Jesus’s teaching to “take up your cross and follow me” simply as a call to bear patiently with the suffering inherent in daily life, I came to a totally different understanding after a long, frigid day spent at a climate protest in December 2019. Rereading the story (in Mark 8, Matthew 16, and Luke 9) at the urging of my friend and teacher the Rev. John Dear, I suddenly understood that Jesus was not speaking about patience with everyday suffering. As he faced escalating pressure—including from his friends—to stop speaking out against injustice, Jesus made it crystal clear that following him would require self-sacrifice, inconvenience, and possibly danger. How could I have missed that before? Maybe this new way of hearing was what “life to gospel” meant. 

The Franciscan path keeps the challenges coming but also supplies companions for the way. In 2021, I left a longtime career to join the Franciscan Action Network, where we are building an intergenerational movement for justice, peace, and creation rooted in the gospel and the examples of St. Francis and St. Clare. Our dozens of Franciscan Justice Circles across the country meet monthly in small groups, where we pray and take action together, discovering over and over again what it means to go from gospel to life and life to gospel. (Rohr, n.d.)

When my three year old grandaughter was setting the table for supper and she put out a placemat for her and her six year old brother who was going to join us later, it dawned on me how we learn to exclude and how blessed I was to receive her example of the Jesus exhortation to become as little children to experience the fullness of life.

References

Exodus, CHAPTER 23. (n.d.). USCCB. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/exodus/23? 

Matthew, CHAPTER 18. (n.d.). USCCB. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/matthew/18?1 

Meditation on Matthew 18:1-5, 10. (n.d.). Word Among Us. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://wau.org/meditations/2025/10/01/1399013/ 

Psalms, PSALM 91 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/91?1 

Rohr, R. (n.d.). Daily Meditations — Center for Action and Contemplation. CAC.org. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/gospel-to-life-and-life-to-gospel/ 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). Their Angels Behold the Father in Heaven. Daily Scripture Net. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/?ds_year=2025&date=oct2a 

Shirley, N. (n.d.). Daily Reflection. Creighton Online Ministries: Home. Retrieved October 2, 2025, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/daily-reflections/daily-reflection-october-2-2025