Showing posts with label Sophists. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Sophists. Show all posts

Friday, September 17, 2021

Wise Use of Resources

The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today challenge us to contemplate our attitude toward the use of our talents and riches to build respect and care especially in our relationships with those with whom we disagree.
Riches and Respect

 

The reading from the First Letter to Timothy warns about false teaching and the nature of true riches in the good fight of faith.

* [6:2b10] Timothy is exhorted to maintain steadfastly the position outlined in this letter, not allowing himself to be pressured into any other course. He must realize that false teachers can be discerned by their pride, envy, quarrelsomeness, and greed for material gain. 1 Tm 6:6 is rather obscure and is interpreted, and therefore translated, variously. The suggestion seems to be that the important gain that religion brings is spiritual, but that there is material gain, too, up to the point of what is needed for physical sustenance (cf. 1 Tm 6:1719).1 

Psalm 49 declares the folly of trust in riches.

* [Psalm 49] The Psalm affirms confidence in God (cf. Ps 23; 27:16; 62) in the face of the apparent good fortune of the unjust rich, cf. Ps 37; 73. Reliance on wealth is misplaced (Ps 49:810) for it is of no avail in the face of death (Ps 49:1820). After inviting all to listen to this axiom of faith (Ps 49:25), the psalmist depicts the self-delusion of the ungodly (Ps 49:613), whose destiny is to die like ignorant beasts (Ps 49:13, 18; cf. Prv 7:2123). Their wealth should occasion no alarm, for they will come to nought, whereas God will save the just (Ps 49:1420).2 

The Gospel of Luke names some women who accompany Jesus.

* [8:13] Luke presents Jesus as an itinerant preacher traveling in the company of the Twelve and of the Galilean women who are sustaining them out of their means. These Galilean women will later accompany Jesus on his journey to Jerusalem and become witnesses to his death (Lk 23:49) and resurrection (Lk 24:911, where Mary Magdalene and Joanna are specifically mentioned; cf. also Acts 1:14). The association of women with the ministry of Jesus is most unusual in the light of the attitude of first-century Palestinian Judaism toward women. The more common attitude is expressed in Jn 4:27, and early rabbinic documents caution against speaking with women in public.3 

Barbara Dilly reflecting mainly on yesterday’s texts (https://bible.usccb.org/bible/readings/091621.cfm) takes us back to those teachers we know.  The best thing we can do is encourage them with words of God’s love and awesome kindness. If we can help teachers feel that love and kindness, they will all the better be able to pass that along to their students who will in turn pass it along to everyone they meet.

We all know teachers who did that for us.  We can repay them by encouraging other teachers, especially young ones.  I pray for a safe, healthy, and productive new school year of truth and wisdom everywhere!4 

  Don Schwager quotes “Everyone has something to give,” by Augustine of Hippo, 354-430 A.D.

"Frankly, even the poor have something they can share with others. Let one lend feet to the lame, another become the eyes of the blind, another visit the sick, and another bury the dead. These are the things that everyone can do. Lastly, bear one another's burdens, and so you shall fulfill the law of Christ." (excerpt from Sermon 41,9)5 

The Word Among Us Meditation on 1 Timothy 6:2-12 comments that verbal disputes arise that lead to rivalry and insults. That could describe a lot of what you see in the news or on social media. Even closer to home, we can see friction that comes from suspicion or envy in our neighborhoods and families. It seems that everywhere we go, there are situations that can drag us into negativity.

With your eyes fixed on Christ, you can find the grace to be positive and encouraging, even when you’re talking to people you disagree with. You can show them the loving and merciful heart of God and bring Jesus’ light into a distrustful or emotionally charged situation. It’s not always easy, and it takes some practice, but you might be surprised to see how you can diffuse some of the negative things that St. Paul describes today. You are a child of God, and he rejoices in helping you pursue righteousness. He loves it when you bring the light of his presence wherever you go. “Lord, help me put aside useless argumentation. I want to bring your presence with me wherever I go today.”6 

Friar Jude Winkler fleshes out the situation of the struggle of Timothy against heretics, some of whom, like the Sophists, earned money from their teaching. The mistaken notion that Mary Magdalene, Apostle to the Apostles, was a prostitute dates to the time of Gregory the Great. Friar Jude reminds us of the special attention of Luke to the woman in salvation history.


 

The Franciscan Media web site notes that St. Robert Bellarmine most famous work is his three-volume Disputations on the Controversies of the Christian Faith. Particularly noteworthy are the sections on the temporal power of the pope and the role of the laity. Bellarmine incurred the anger of monarchists in England and France by showing the divine-right-of-kings theory untenable.

The renewal in the Church sought by Vatican II was difficult for many Catholics. In the course of change, many felt a lack of firm guidance from those in authority. They yearned for the stone columns of orthodoxy and an iron command with clearly defined lines of authority. Vatican II assures us in The Church in the Modern World, “There are many realities which do not change and which have their ultimate foundation in Christ, who is the same yesterday and today, yes, and forever” (#10, quoting Hebrews 13:8). Robert Bellarmine devoted his life to the study of Scripture and Catholic doctrine. His writings help us understand that the real source of our faith is not merely a set of doctrines, but rather the person of Jesus still living in the Church today.7
 

Brian McLaren has long explored what it might mean to be a “new kind of Christian.” Brian once wrote a fictionalized story about a pastor asking questions at the edges of his faith.

Imagine that you have just died and passed through the doorway of death. And you enter heaven. And it is a place of intense brightness, a place fragrant with goodness, a place alive with love. The presence of God seems to pervade everyone and every thing. . . . In this place, people are humble and genuinely interested in others. . . . It is a place of true freedom, trust, and intimacy. And even though it is a place of great diversity, with people of all cultures and languages and times retaining all their uniqueness, it is a place where no one argues, no one fights, no one hates, and no one complains… Now I want you to imagine that someone has walked beside you through that doorway of death. And that person has lived his life cramped in hatred and fear, tight in guilt and greed, ingrown in lust and selfishness. He has spent every day of his life complaining and being bitter and blaming others and being ungrateful. He has been suspicious of those different from himself, and he has become an expert at lying and cheating and using others. He is proud, arrogant, unwilling to admit he is wrong. . . . Now, how would that person feel?8 

Our growth in faith opens our understanding of conflicts and disagreements. It challenges us to patience, compassion, and love for those with whom we disagree.

 

References

1

(n.d.). 1 Timothy, CHAPTER 6 | USCCB. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1timothy/6 


2

(n.d.). Psalm 49 - USCCB. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/49 


3

(n.d.). Luke, CHAPTER 8 | USCCB. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/8 


4

(n.d.). Creighton U Daily Reflections - Online Ministries. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/091721.html 


5

(n.d.). Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/?ds_year=2021&date=sep17 


6

(n.d.). The Word Among Us: Homepage. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://wau.org/meditations/2021/09/17/200371/ 


7

(n.d.). Saint Robert Bellarmine | Franciscan Media. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-of-the-day/saint-robert-bellarmine 


8

(n.d.). Daily Meditations Archive: 2021 - Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved September 17, 2021, from https://cac.org/who-we-are-is-who-we-will-be-2021-09-17/ 



 

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Reacting to the Word

The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary invite us to contemplate our response to encounter with the Word as we recall the life of St Augustine of Hippo.
Journey to faith

The reading from the first letter to the Thessalonians describes Paul’s ministry among them.
 Further Thanksgiving Paul’s Ministry Among Them1
Psalm 139 praises God’s presence in every part of the universe.
* [Psalm 139] A hymnic meditation on God’s omnipresence and omniscience. The psalmist is keenly aware of God’s all-knowing gaze (Ps 139:1–6), of God’s presence in every part of the universe (Ps 139:7–12), and of God’s control over the psalmist’s very self (Ps 139:13–16). Summing up Ps 139:1–16, 17–18 express wonder. There is only one place hostile to God’s rule—wicked people. The psalmist prays to be removed from their company (Ps 139:19–24).2 
In the Gospel from Matthew, Jesus declares scribes and Pharisees are true children of their ancestors.
* [23:29–32] In spite of honoring the slain dead by building their tombs and adorning their memorials, and claiming that they would not have joined in their ancestors’ crimes if they had lived in their days, the scribes and Pharisees are true children of their ancestors and are defiantly ordered by Jesus to fill up what those ancestors measured out. This order reflects the Jewish notion that there was an allotted measure of suffering that had to be completed before God’s final judgment would take place.3 
Kimberly Grassmeyer comments that today’s Gospel reading from Matthew reminds her more than anything else that she is both sinner and hypocrite.
In Matthew, Jesus was talking to ME.  I am a faith hypocrite. And while I can’t know what Jesus meant when he said “fill up what your ancestors measured out”, one way I can make sense of that is to own my white, educated, middle-class privilege.  To actively live out – in daily intention and action – my faith words, and to love my neighbor as I love my God. To be less of a hypocrite.4 
Don Schwager, in his daily quote from the early church fathers, shares “Good deeds done for God,” by an unknown author from the 5th century A.D.
"Every good deed that is done for God is universally good for everything and everyone. Deeds that are not seen to benefit everything and everyone, however, are done on account of man, as the present matter itself demonstrates. For example, those who build reliquaries and adorn churches seem to be doing good. If they imitate the justice of God, if the poor benefit from their goods and if they do not acquire their goods through violence against others, it is clear that they are building for the glory of God. If they fail to observe God’s justice... and if the poor never benefit from their goods and if they acquire their goods from others by means of violence or fraud, who is so foolish not to understand that they are building for human respect rather than for the glory of God? Those who build reliquaries in a just manner ensure that the poor do not suffer as a result of it. For the martyrs do not rejoice when they are honored by gifts for which the poor paid with their tears. What kind of justice is it to give gifts to the dead and to despoil the living or to drain blood from the poor and offer it to God? To do such things is not to offer sacrifice to God but to attempt to make God an accomplice in violence, since whoever knowingly accepts a gift which was acquired by sinful means participates in the sin." (excerpt from an incomplete Commentary on the Gospel of Matthew, HOMILY 45)5 
The Word Among Us Meditation on 1 Thessalonians 2:9-13 shares that when St Ambrose, Bishop of Milan, took Augustine under his wing and treated him like a son, the walls around Augustine’s heart began to crumble. “I began to love him at first not as a teacher of the truth . . . but simply as a man who was kind and generous to me” (Confessions, 5.13). Clearly, it was the love that Ambrose showed him that made the biggest difference. For Augustine, Ambrose had become a living word of God. Similarly, the word was at work in the witness of Paul, Silvanus, and Timothy as they ministered to the Thessalonians. The way they loved the people, their dedication to the gospel, and their hard work moved the people to hear and embrace the good news of Christ.

Can it be any different for us? It’s through our actions that we show people what it means to live the good news. It’s in the rough-and-tumble of everyday life that the Spirit can make us into living words of God.
How does this happen? Think about your own experience of faith. Recall the people who have taken you under their wings, especially when you were struggling or felt directionless. God gave them to you so that you could see what it looks like to live for him. Their commitment to prayer and their willingness to care for you touched you and drew you to the Lord.6 

Friar Jude Winkler connects the work of Paul to support himself to encounters with Stoics and Sophists in the marketplace. Fatherly love for the Thessalonians is declared today. Friar Jude observes that the heart of the Pharisees was not in their religious action.


The Franciscan Media Reflection on St Augustine of Hippo notes that he is still acclaimed and condemned in our day. He is a prophet for today, trumpeting the need to scrap escapisms and stand face-to-face with personal responsibility and dignity.
Having been so deeply immersed in creature-pride of life in his early days and having drunk deeply of its bitter dregs, it is not surprising that Augustine should have turned, with a holy fierceness, against the many demon-thrusts rampant in his day. His times were truly decadent: politically, socially, morally. He was both feared and loved, like the Master. The perennial criticism leveled against him: a fundamental rigorism.
In his day, Augustine providentially fulfilled the office of prophet. Like Jeremiah and other greats, he was hard-pressed but could not keep quiet. “I say to myself, I will not mention him/I will speak in his name no more/But then it becomes like fire burning in my heart/imprisoned in my bones/I grow weary holding it in/I cannot endure it” (Jeremiah 20:9).7 
Bishop Michael Campbell, the first Augustinian Friar to be ordained in England since the Reformation, looks at the Saint of Hippo’s continuing influence on the Church today.
Augustine lived in an age different in so many respects from our own, yet also with remarkable similarities. There were many dubious offers of salvation and happiness on offer, remedies which were and are ephemeral; yet none of them addressed or could satisfy the deepest needs of the human person, or the desire of the human mind for a truth which would not deceive. Augustine of Hippo stands as a witness to every age that in God alone do we find the answer to our most profound longings. That, I feel, is his outstanding contribution to subsequent generations both within and beyond the boundaries of the Church.8 
Fr. Richard Rohr, OFM, shares that for indigenous people, the stories (of the ineffable) hint of something unspoken. Theologian Megan McKenna and storyteller Tony Cowan refer to this element as “the thing not named.”
In more theological or religious terms it is the Midrash, the underlying truth, the inspired layers that are hinted at, that invite but do not force themselves upon us. They must be searched out, struggled with and taken to heart. It is, at root, the mystery that makes the story memorable, worth telling over and over again, and staking your life on it. [4]
Hopi elders engage multiplicity by referring to the ineffable as “a mighty something [a’ni himu].” [5] Wisdom instructs the elders that one cannot stake life on limited human perspectives; there must be more. And so the elders inquire into the nature of ontology, social location, and the universe with the humble acceptance of an abiding wonder for “the thing not named.”9 
The journey of St Augustine and his response to encounter of the living Word continue to inspire our journey today as we wrestle with the mystery of our place in the universe.

References

1
(n.d.). 1 Thessalonians, chapter 2 - United States Conference of Catholic .... Retrieved August 28, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/1thessalonians/2 
2
(n.d.). Psalms, chapter 139 - United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/139 
3
(n.d.). Matthew, chapter 23 - United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/matthew23:6 
4
(n.d.). Creighton U Daily Reflections - Creighton .... Retrieved August 28, 2019, from http://www.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/daily.html 
5
(n.d.). Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://dailyscripture.servantsoftheword.org/ 
6
(n.d.). Meditations - The Word Among Us. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://wau.org/meditations/2019/08/28/ 
7
(n.d.). Saint Augustine of Hippo - Franciscan Media. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://www.franciscanmedia.org/saint-augustine-of-hippo/ 
8
(2009, August 27). St Augustine of Hippo – Saint for all Seasons | Thinking Faith: The .... Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://www.thinkingfaith.org/articles/20090827_1.htm 
9
(2019, August 28). A Mighty Something — Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved August 28, 2019, from https://cac.org/a-mighty-something-2019-08-28/ 

Wednesday, June 5, 2019

Vigilant generous and truthful

The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today remind us of the wonderful communities we have been part of and of how our growth has ironically been connected to our moving on in the mystery of our life journey.
Gifts in diverse community

The reading from Acts concludes with Paul’s Farewell Speech at Miletus as he is called to return to an uncertain fate in Jerusalem.
* [20:16–35] Apparently aware of difficulties at Ephesus and neighboring areas, Paul calls the presbyters together at Miletus, about thirty miles from Ephesus. He reminds them of his dedication to the gospel (Acts 20:18–21), speaks of what he is about to suffer for the gospel (Acts 20:22–27), and admonishes them to guard the community against false prophets, sure to arise upon his departure (Acts 20:28–31). He concludes by citing a saying of Jesus (Acts 20:35) not recorded in the gospel tradition. Luke presents this farewell to the Ephesian presbyters as Paul’s last will and testament.1 
Psalm 68 is an invitation for all kingdoms to praise Israel’s God (Ps 68:33–35).
* [Psalm 68] The Psalm is extremely difficult because the Hebrew text is badly preserved and the ceremony that it describes is uncertain. 8. prayer that the defeated enemies bring tribute to the Temple (Ps 68:29–32); 9. invitation for all kingdoms to praise Israel’s God (Ps 68:33–35).2 
In the Gospel from John, we reach the climax of Jesus last discourses. Since the sixteenth century, this chapter has been called the “high priestly prayer” of Jesus.
* [17:15] Note the resemblance to the petition of the Lord’s Prayer, “deliver us from the evil one.” Both probably refer to the devil rather than to abstract evil.3 
Kyle Lierk shares an invitation with today’s Gospel to use the gift of imaginative prayer from Ignatian spirituality to simply receive the prayer that Jesus offers for us and to notice what it does to our hearts.
Converse with Jesus about what it was like to hear him make this prayer for you...share with him any reactions you had to the prompts above...what did it stir up in you?...just remember to make time to listen to what Jesus has to say to you in response… If it is helpful, end your conversation by slowly praying the Our Father.4 
Don Schwager touches on the tension that sometimes exists between the understanding expressed by John Henry Newman (1801-1890) who wrote of our unique call from God…
 "God has created me to do him some definite service; he has committed some work to me which he has not committed to another. I have my mission - I may never know it in this life, but I shall be told it in the next. I am a link in a chain, a bond of connection between persons. He has not created me for nothing. Therefore, I will trust him. Whatever, wherever I am. I cannot be thrown away."5
and our membership in the Body as he quotes “The Bond of Christian Unity in Love, by Cyril of Alexandria,” 375-444 A.D.
"Christ wishes the disciples to be kept in a state of unity by maintaining a like-mindedness and an identity of will, being mingled together as it were in soul and spirit and in the law of peace and love for one another. He wishes them to be bound together tightly with an unbreakable bond of love, that they may advance to such a degree of unity that their freely chosen association might even become an image of the natural unity that is conceived to exist between the Father and the Son. That is to say, he wishes them to enjoy a unity that is inseparable and indestructible, which may not be enticed away into a dissimilarity of wills by anything at all that exists in the world or any pursuit of pleasure, but rather reserves the power of love in the unity of devotion and holiness. And this is what happened. For as we read in the Acts of the Apostles, 'the company of those who believed were of one heart and soul' (Acts 4:32), that is, in the unity of the Spirit. This is also what Paul himself meant when he said 'one body and one Spirit' (Ephesians 4:4). 'We who are many are one body in Christ for we all partake of the one bread' (1 Corinthians 10:17; Romans 12:5), and we have all been anointed in the one Spirit, the Spirit of Christ (1 Corinthians 12:13)." (excerpt from COMMENTARY ON THE GOSPEL OF JOHN 11.9.18)5 
The Word Among Us Meditation on John 17:11-19 shares that Jesus knows what it’s like to let go. He knows how hard it can be. In today’s Gospel reading, for example, he is letting go of his disciples.
As you approach your own transitions, remember, Jesus knows what you’re going through. Ask him for the grace to let go so that you and your loved one can walk unencumbered into the new life that lies ahead.6 
The Franciscan Media web site discusses the mission of Saint Boniface, Saint of the Day for June 5. In the Frankish kingdom, he met great problems because of lay interference in bishops’ elections, the worldliness of the clergy and lack of papal control. During a final mission to the Frisians, Boniface and 53 companions were massacred while he was preparing converts for confirmation.
In order to restore the Germanic Church to its fidelity to Rome and to convert the pagans, Boniface had been guided by two principles. The first was to restore the obedience of the clergy to their bishops in union with the pope of Rome. The second was the establishment of many houses of prayer which took the form of Benedictine monasteries. A great number of Anglo-Saxon monks and nuns followed him to the continent, where he introduced the Benedictine nuns to the active apostolate of education.7 
Friar Jude Winkler underlines the message in the speech of Paul at Miletus to be on guard for false teachings that make a travesty of the truth of Love. Paul exhorts he always shared the truth. He contrasts with Sophist philosophy and arguments for sale that are not interested in the truth. Friar Jude notes that Jesus prays that those who follow the truth be helped by the Father in their place of being “set aside”.


Fr. Richard Rohr, OFM, suggests that if God is always Mystery, then God is always in some way the unfamiliar, beyond what we’re used to, beyond our comfort zone, beyond what we can explain or understand. Many first learn to love and know God through the familiar, human face of Jesus and from there come to recognize God’s presence everywhere. Similarly, there are times and places to gather with people who are like us, but if that’s all we’re doing, we’re not growing and love is not growing in the world. Christena Cleveland, a social psychologist, theologian, and professor at Duke University’s Divinity School, brings this concept close to home, to our local parish.
Culturally homogeneous churches are adept at targeting and attracting a certain type of person and creating a strong group identity. However, attendees at such churches are at a higher risk for creating the overly simplistic and divisive . . . labels that dangerously lead to inaccurate perceptions . . . as well as hostility and conflict. What often begins as an effective and culturally specific way to reach people for Christ ends up stifling their growth as disciples. Perhaps this is because we often fail to make a distinction between evangelism and discipleship. People can meet God within their cultural context but in order to follow God, they must cross into other cultures because that’s what Jesus did in the incarnation and on the cross.8 
Tension, irony and challenge seem to accompany our journey toward truth, beauty, and goodness. The Mystery of God provides protection in our discernment and moving into encounter with the diversity of the Body of Christ.

References

1
(n.d.). Acts, chapter 20 - United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/acts/20
2
(n.d.). Psalms, chapter 68 - United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/psalms/68
3
(n.d.). John, chapter 17 - United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://www.usccb.org/bible/john/17
4
(n.d.). Creighton U Daily Reflections .... Retrieved June 5, 2019, from http://onlineministries.creighton.edu/CollaborativeMinistry/daily.html
5
(n.d.). Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://dailyscripture.servantsoftheword.org/
6
(n.d.). Saint Boniface, Bishop and Martyr (Memorial) - Mass Readings and .... Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://wau.org/meditations/2019/06/05/
7
(n.d.). Saint of the Day - Franciscan Media. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://www.franciscanmedia.org/source/saint-of-the-day/
8
(2019, June 5). Cross-cultural Discipleship — Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved June 5, 2019, from https://cac.org/cross-cultural-discipleship-2019-06-05/