Embrace Enemies in Love

 The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today challenge us to apply the exhortation of Christ to “love our enemies” in our daily interaction with the people on our journey.

Love in Our Neighbourhood

The First Letter of  Paul to the Corinthians raises the dilemma our knowledge being insufficient to ignore Practical Rules.

* [8:1–11:1] The Corinthians’ second question concerns meat that has been sacrificed to idols; in this area they were exhibiting a disordered sense of liberation that Paul here tries to rectify. These chapters contain a sustained and unified argument that illustrates Paul’s method of theological reflection on a moral dilemma. Although the problem with which he is dealing is dated, the guidelines for moral decisions that he offers are of lasting validity. Essentially Paul urges them to take a communitarian rather than an individualistic view of their Christian freedom. Many decisions that they consider pertinent only to their private relationship with God have, in fact, social consequences. Nor can moral decisions be determined by merely theoretical considerations; they must be based on concrete circumstances, specifically on the value and needs of other individuals and on mutual responsibility within the community. Paul here introduces the theme of “building up” (oikodomē), i.e., of contributing by individual action to the welfare and growth of the community. This theme will be further developed in 1 Cor 14; see note on 1 Cor 14:3b–5. Several years later Paul would again deal with the problem of meat sacrificed to idols in Rom 14:1–15:6.

* [8:1a] Meat sacrificed to idols: much of the food consumed in the city could have passed through pagan religious ceremonies before finding its way into markets and homes. “All of us have knowledge”: a slogan, similar to 1 Cor 6:12, which reveals the self-image of the Corinthians. 1 Cor 8:4 will specify the content of this knowledge.

* [8:6] This verse rephrases the monotheistic confession of v. 4 in such a way as to contrast it with polytheism (1 Cor 8:5) and to express our relationship with the one God in concrete, i.e., in personal and Christian terms. And for whom we exist: since the Greek contains no verb here and the action intended must be inferred from the preposition eis, another translation is equally possible: “toward whom we return.” Through whom all things: the earliest reference in the New Testament to Jesus’ role in creation.

* [8:8–9] Although the food in itself is morally neutral, extrinsic circumstances may make the eating of it harmful. A stumbling block: the image is that of tripping or causing someone to fall (cf. 1 Cor 8:13; 9:12; 10:12, 32; 2 Cor 6:3; Rom 14:13, 20–21). This is a basic moral imperative for Paul, a counterpart to the positive imperative to “build one another up”; compare the expression “giving offense” as opposed to “pleasing” in 1 Cor 10:32–33.

* [8:13] His own course is clear: he will avoid any action that might harm another Christian. This statement prepares for the paradigmatic development in 1 Cor 9. (1 Corinthians, CHAPTER 8 | USCCB, n.d.)

Psalm 139 is a meditation on God’s omnipresence and omniscience.

* [Psalm 139] A hymnic meditation on God’s omnipresence and omniscience. The psalmist is keenly aware of God’s all-knowing gaze (Ps 139:1–6), of God’s presence in every part of the universe (Ps 139:7–12), and of God’s control over the psalmist’s very self (Ps 139:13–16). Summing up Ps 139:1–16, 17–18 express wonder. There is only one place hostile to God’s rule—wicked people. The psalmist prays to be removed from their company (Ps 139:19–24).

* [139:2] When I sit and stand: in all my physical movement.

* [139:9] Take the wings of dawn: go to the extremities of the east. Beyond the sea: uttermost bounds of the west; the sea is the Mediterranean.

* [139:11] Night shall be my light: night to me is what day is to others.

* [139:15] The depths of the earth: figurative language for the womb, stressing the hidden and mysterious operations that occur there.

* [139:24] Lead me along an ancient path: the manner of living of our ancestors, who were faithful to God’s will, cf. Jer 6:16. (Psalms, PSALM 139 | USCCB, n.d.)

The Gospel of Luke proclaims Jesus teaching on Love of Enemies

At the core of the sermon is Jesus’ teaching on the love of one’s enemies (Lk 6:27–36) that has as its source of motivation God’s graciousness and compassion for all humanity (Lk 6:35–36) and Jesus’ teaching on the love of one’s neighbor (Lk 6:37–42) that is characterized by forgiveness and generosity.

* [6:20–26] The introductory portion of the sermon consists of blessings and woes that address the real economic and social conditions of humanity (the poor—the rich; the hungry—the satisfied; those grieving—those laughing; the outcast—the socially acceptable). By contrast, Matthew emphasizes the religious and spiritual values of disciples in the kingdom inaugurated by Jesus (“poor in spirit,” Mt 5:3; “hunger and thirst for righteousness,” Mt 5:6). In the sermon, blessed extols the fortunate condition of persons who are favored with the blessings of God; the woes, addressed as they are to the disciples of Jesus, threaten God’s profound displeasure on those so blinded by their present fortunate situation that they do not recognize and appreciate the real values of God’s kingdom. In all the blessings and woes, the present condition of the persons addressed will be reversed in the future.

* [6:27–36] See notes on Mt 5:43–48 and Mt 5:48. (Luke, CHAPTER 6 | USCCB, n.d.)

Molly Mattingly comments that these things are easy to say but difficult to enact, especially without love.

I find myself skeptical of Jesus’ instruction to “give to everyone who asks of you.”  St. Ignatius would have put it, “Give, and do not count the cost.” My natural inclination to do just that is one of the reasons I got into ministry and enjoy it. As those of us working in ministry are often reminded, however, the cost is burnout. Burnout doesn’t glorify God. Burnout leaves me unable to be generous. (St. Ignatius knew that, too.) I wish Jesus had mirrored that line by saying, “Receive care with gratitude,” which is just as important for healthy community.

Jesus asks us to stop thinking of our daily interactions as business exchanges and start acting out of love. He asks us to stop judging, condemning, holding grudges, and holding back generosity not as a quid-pro-quo, but because we are beloved of God. A quote often attributed to Mother Theresa says, “In the final analysis, it is between you and God. It was never between you and them anyway.” If we realize God’s love for us in an all-encompassing way, we won’t need to exchange our kindness for others’. We will be free live generously, as those who have received love well. Love received spills over, and lovers are generous to those beloved. (Mattingly, 2026)

Don Schwager quotes “The virtue of charity,” by Ambrose of Milan , 339-397 A.D.

"Love is commanded when it is said, 'Love your enemies'" so that the saying which was uttered already before the church may be fulfilled: 'Set in order love in me' (Song of Solomon 2:4). For love is set in order when the precepts of love are formed. See how it began from the heights and cast the law underneath the backs of the Gospel's blessing. The law commands the revenge of punishment (see Exodus 21:23-36). The gospel bestows love for hostility, benevolence for hatred, prayer for curses, help for the persecuted, patience for the hungry and grace of reward. How much more perfect the athlete who does not feel injury!" (excerpt from EXPOSITION OF THE GOSPEL OF LUKE 5.73) (Schwager, n.d.)

Friar Jude Winkler comments on the texts for today. In the First Letter to the Corinthians, Paul deals with meat offered to idols. Meat was very rare in the ancient world. Whatever meat was left over after being offered to Greek gods might be available to eat or be sold. Paul suggests that since pagan gods really don’t exist, it may be OK, but he cautions that some people would be scandalized by the act so we should not eat for the sake of others who might misinterpret our actions. We need to watch out for what we do. We might dismiss it but they might get the wrong example. He notes grandparents should avoid tv that may not be suitable for their grandchildren. Jesus gives new interpretation to relations with enemies. We have to love, bless and pray for enemies. Give them more than they ask for. Love is not based on what we gain. We love those who cannot pay us back. Luke suggests open hearts receive the goodness of God. Friar Jude suggests that if we are closed in self sufficiency and arrogance we won't be able to accept God’s love as offered to us.

The Word Among Us Meditation on Luke 6:27-38 Jesus’ command is challenging. But he knows how hard it can be. That’s why he is always with you, offering you his grace and help. And it’s why he is also ready to forgive you when you fall short.

So try your best to “love your enemies” (Luke 6:27). Resolve to “do good to those who hate you” (6:27). “Stop condemning” and offer mercy instead (6:37). You never know whose life you might change—including your own!

“Jesus, I am weak, but you are strong. Help me to love as you love.” (Meditation on Luke 6:27-38, n.d.)

Father Richard Rohr, OFM, introduces Methodist minister Renita Weems who comments that whatever spirituality is, it is not something to be discovered. It is something to be recovered—something you misplace and recover a thousand times in a lifetime.

Sometimes we awaken to it through nature. Sometimes it comes to us through art, music, dance, or silence. Sometimes we are reminded of it by interacting with or observing children. Sometimes we happen upon it through chance encounters with strangers. And for a moment, we are smitten with the sublime. And then we lose it. We lose its scent, we can’t make out its sound. Sometimes we stumble around for what feels like days, months, perhaps years, trying to recapture it—trying to pick back up the scent, trying to make out the sounds. But even though we find ourselves stumbling, we’re onto something. (Rohr, n.d.)

We invoke the Spirit to guide our conscience as we struggle to respond with an attitude of openness and acceptance to the attacks of those opposed to our lifestyle and mission.

References

Luke, CHAPTER 6 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Bible Readings, Audio and Video Every Morning | USCCB. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/luke/6?27 

Mattingly, M. (2026, September 10). Daily Reflection September 10, 2026 | Creighton Online Ministries. Creighton Online Ministries. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/daily-reflections/daily-reflection-september-10-2026 

Meditation on Luke 6:27-38. (n.d.). The Word Among Us: Homepage. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://wau.org/meditations/2026/09/10/1666429/ 

1 Corinthians, CHAPTER 8 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1corinthians/8? 

Psalms, PSALM 139 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/139? 

Rohr, R. (n.d.). Belief Is Not Certainty. Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/belief-is-not-certainty/ 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). Do Good to Those Who Hate You. Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations – Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved September 10, 2026, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/ 

Shepherd of Abundant Life

 The texts from the Roman Catholic Lectionary today, Good Shepherd Sunday, invite us to act on the experience we have of the love of Christ in our lives to be the present to the people in our environment, welcoming them to the Care of the Shepherd.

A Good Shepherd Legacy

The Reading from the Acts of the Apostles presents Peter’s Speech at Pentecost about our Communal Life.

* [2:14–36] The first of six discourses in Acts (along with Acts 3:12–26; 4:8–12; 5:29–32; 10:34–43; 13:16–41) dealing with the resurrection of Jesus and its messianic import. Five of these are attributed to Peter, the final one to Paul. Modern scholars term these discourses in Acts the “kerygma,” the Greek word for proclamation (cf. 1 Cor 15:11).

* [2:42–47] The first of three summary passages (along with Acts 4:32–37; 5:12–16) that outline, somewhat idyllically, the chief characteristics of the Jerusalem community: adherence to the teachings of the Twelve and the centering of its religious life in the eucharistic liturgy (Acts 2:42); a system of distribution of goods that led wealthier Christians to sell their possessions when the needs of the community’s poor required it (Acts 2:44 and the note on Acts 4:32–37); and continued attendance at the temple, since in this initial stage there was little or no thought of any dividing line between Christianity and Judaism (Acts 2:46). (Acts of the Apostles, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB, n.d.)

Psalm 23 proclaims God as a good shepherd. 

* [Psalm 23] God’s loving care for the psalmist is portrayed under the figures of a shepherd for the flock (Ps 23:1–4) and a host’s generosity toward a guest (Ps 23:5–6). The imagery of both sections is drawn from traditions of the exodus (Is 40:11; 49:10; Jer 31:10).

* [23:1] My shepherd: God as good shepherd is common in both the Old Testament and the New Testament (Ez 34:11–16; Jn 10:11–18).

* [23:3] Right paths: connotes “right way” and “way of righteousness.”

* [23:5] You set a table before me: this expression occurs in an exodus context in Ps 78:19. In front of my enemies: my enemies see that I am God’s friend and guest. Oil: a perfumed ointment made from olive oil, used especially at banquets (Ps 104:15; Mt 26:7; Lk 7:37, 46; Jn 12:2).

* [23:6] Goodness and mercy: the blessings of God’s covenant with Israel. (Psalms, PSALM 23 | USCCB, n.d.)

The Reading from the First Letter of Peter presents Christians as Suffering Servants.

* [2:21] Suffered: some ancient manuscripts and versions read “died” (cf. 1 Pt 3:18).

* [2:22–25] After the quotation of Is 53:9b, the passage describes Jesus’ passion with phrases concerning the Suffering Servant from Is 53:4–12, perhaps as employed in an early Christian confession of faith; cf. 1 Pt 1:18–21 and 1 Pt 3:18–22.

* [2:25] The shepherd and guardian of your souls: the familiar shepherd and flock figures express the care, vigilance, and love of God for his people in the Old Testament (Ps 23; Is 40:11; Jer 23:4–5; Ez 34:11–16) and of Jesus for all humanity in the New Testament (Mt 18:10–14; Lk 15:4–7; Jn 10:1–16; Heb 13:20). (1 Peter, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB, n.d.)

In the Gospel of John, Jesus proclaims His mission as The Good Shepherd.

* [10:1–21] The good shepherd discourse continues the theme of attack on the Pharisees that ends Jn 9. The figure is allegorical: the hired hands are the Pharisees who excommunicated the cured blind man. It serves as a commentary on Jn 9. For the shepherd motif, used of Yahweh in the Old Testament, cf. Ex 34; Gn 48:15; 49:24; Mi 7:14; Ps 23:1–4; 80:1.

* [10:1] Sheepfold: a low stone wall open to the sky.

* [10:4] Recognize his voice: the Pharisees do not recognize Jesus, but the people of God, symbolized by the blind man, do.

* [10:6] Figure of speech: John uses a different word for illustrative speech than the “parable” of the synoptics, but the idea is similar.

* [10:7–10] In Jn 10:7–8, the figure is of a gate for the shepherd to come to the sheep; in Jn 10:9–10, the figure is of a gate for the sheep to come in and go out.

* [10:8] [Before me]: these words are omitted in many good early manuscripts and versions.

* [10:16] Other sheep: the Gentiles, possibly a reference to “God’s dispersed children” of Jn 11:52 destined to be gathered into one, or “apostolic Christians” at odds with the community of the beloved disciple.

* [10:18] Power to take it up again: contrast the role of the Father as the efficient cause of the resurrection in Acts 2:24; 4:10; etc.; Rom 1:4; 4:24. Yet even here is added: This command I have received from my Father. (John, CHAPTER 10 | USCCB, n.d.)

Rev. Rashmi Fernando, SJ, comments that the Gospel of the Fourth Sunday of Easter (John 10:1–10) presents to us the enduring image of Christ as the Good Shepherd, the depth of which could be understood only in contrast to the hired hand. In a world marked today by crises of care and failures of leadership—where institutions falter, conflicts intensify, and the vulnerable are often abandoned—understanding these images becomes not only revealing but deeply challenging.

In a fractured world like today’s, we witness leaders who act as “hired hands”—driven by profit, power, or self-preservation—abandoning their people in moments of crisis. Whether in global conflicts, economic instability, or humanitarian neglect, the “wolves” of fear, injustice, and division scatter the flock, often because compliance is demanded rather than trust nurtured. Yet Jesus reveals a different kind of power: one rooted in humility, care, and self-sacrifice. His authority comforts rather than crushes. The Good Shepherd reminds us: true leadership is not an occupation—it is a vocation of love that gives life.

This Gospel, then, is not only about Christ—it is also about us. In our families, communities, and places of influence, we are called to embody this shepherding presence. To lead not by fear, but by love. To remain when it is difficult. To listen before speaking. To protect rather than exploit. Hence, let us ask ourselves:

In my own context, do I feel like a sheep led together or from the front with presence and courage, or do I find myself as cattle pushed from behind out of fear or convenience?

In my leadership and influence on others, what do I hold in my hands—a staff that guides, protects, and uplifts, or a stick that pressures, controls, and distances?

How actively do I listen and how intentionally do I speak to those entrusted to me—does my voice foster trust, healing, and genuine relationships? (Fernando, n.d.)

Don Schwager quotes “Green pastures and still waters,” by Augustine of Hippo, 354-430 A.D.

"The pastures that this good shepherd has prepared for you, in which he has settled you for you to take your fill, are not various kinds of grasses and green things, among which some are sweet to the taste, some extremely bitter, which as the seasons succeed one another are sometimes there and sometimes not. Your pastures are the words of God and his commandments, and they have all been sown as sweet grasses. These pastures had been tasted by that man who said to God, 'How sweet are your words to my palate, more so than honey and the honeycomb in my mouth!'" (excerpt from Sermon 366,3,1) (Schwager, n.d.)

The Word Among Us Meditation on Acts 2:14, 36-41 comments that we might say that the people in Jerusalem that day were like the sheep Jesus spoke about in the Gospel. He is the Good Shepherd who called them “by name” and beckoned them to follow him (John 10:3). “Cut to the heart,” they decided to give their hearts to him. What an appropriate story for Good Shepherd Sunday!

Today, thank Jesus for piercing your heart and filling you with his love. Rejoice that the good news of his salvation has the power to change hearts even now. Then pray for all the people you know who have yet to follow Jesus. Pray that they will be “cut to the heart” and find in that sorrow the greatest joy they could ever know.

“Good Shepherd, I want to follow you all the days of my life!” (Meditation on Acts 2:14, 36-41, n.d.)

Jenny Kraska offers the Lord’s Day Reflection from Vatican News today “ When shepherds meet the Good Shepherd”.

The figure of the shepherd would have resonated deeply with those who first heard these words. A true shepherd knows his sheep intimately – their habits, their fears, even their stubbornness – and remains with them, especially in danger. 

Jesus contrasts this with the thief who comes only to steal and destroy. In a world filled with competing voices and false promises, this distinction remains urgent.

The voice of Christ is not one of confusion or coercion, but of truth, peace, and abundant life. (Kraska, 2026)

Friar Jude Winkler comments that in Acts the very end of the kerygma of Peter is proclaimed. This is the story of Jesus sent by God and it queries our response. “What should I do?” The thousands of converts mentioned is likely a scriptural exaggeration. Christians are a small number at this time,  but it indicates success in teaching about Christ. We face the question of how to respond to evil? It must be with love and forgiveness, following Jesus' example. The passage from the Gospel (John 1-10) portrays that we are sheep and Jesus is the Shepherd or the Sheep Gate. Jesus' mission is to reveal how much God loves us. As Shepherd, He protects us from falseness. He knows us by name and resonates with how He calls Mary Magdalene in the Garden. Being called a sheep today is different, like a follower without thought. In Jesus' time, sheep got into difficulty and the Shepherd had to protect sheep from enemies and even its own actions.

Father Richard Rohr, OFM, reflects on the relationship between anxiety, fear, and faith. The Bible says “Do not be afraid” almost 150 times! If we cannot calmly hold a certain degree of fear and anxiety, we will always look for somewhere to expel it. Expelling what we can’t embrace gives us an identity, but it’s a negative identity. It’s not life energy, it’s death energy.

One could sum up the Bible, and our lives, as an interplay of fear and faith. In general, people are obsessed and overpowered by fears; they fear what they cannot control. God is one of our primary fears, because God is totally beyond us and totally beyond our control. The good news is that God has breached that fear and become one of us in Jesus. Through Jesus, God says, in effect, “You can stop being afraid. It’s okay. You don’t have to live in chattering fear of me.”

The opening chapter of Luke’s Gospel presents Mary as the archetypal Christian because God comes into her life and proclaims the divine presence within her, immediately telling her through the angel, “Do not be afraid” (Luke 1:30). Through the same divine Spirit, God comes into our lives and announces the divine presence within each of us. All we are asked to do is be present and open. Only after God calls Mary beyond her fear does God give the message of her calling. 

Fear can keep us from hearing what is really being said. Mary’s spirituality is focused on trusting. She said, “Let what you have said be done to me” (Luke 1:38). She doesn’t try to explain or understand. She just says, “I trust you, God. Do with me what you will. Let it be.” [2] (Rohr, n.d.)

We reflect on the times on our journey when our fear or uncertainty was healed by our experience of the Presence of the Good Shepherd to restate His Mission that we should have life and have it abundantly as we accept His role to guide us in love.

References

Acts of the Apostles, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/acts/2?14 

Fernando, R. (n.d.). Daily Reflections. Creighton Online Ministries: Home. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://onlineministries.creighton.edu/daily-reflections/daily-reflection-april-26-2026 

John, CHAPTER 10 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/john/10?1 

Kraska, J. (2026, April 25). Lord’s Day Reflection: When shepherds meet the Good Shepherd. Vatican News. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://www.vaticannews.va/en/church/news/2026-04/gospel-reflection-fourth-sunday-easter.html 

Meditation on Acts 2:14, 36-41. (n.d.). Word Among Us. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://wau.org/meditations/2026/04/26/1550553/ 

1 Peter, CHAPTER 2 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/1peter/2?20 

Psalms, PSALM 23 | USCCB. (n.d.). Daily Readings. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://bible.usccb.org/bible/psalms/23? 

Rohr, R. (n.d.). Trust in God. Center for Action and Contemplation. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://cac.org/daily-meditations/trust-in-god/ 

Schwager, D. (n.d.). I Came That They May Have Life Abundantly. Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations – Daily Scripture Readings and Meditations. Retrieved April 26, 2026, from https://www.dailyscripture.net/daily-meditation/